fremont cottonwood bark

Fremont Cottonwood’s inflorescence consists of long catkin, up to six inches long, consisting of a spike with numerous, small, imperfect, and incomplete flowers. Cottonwood, Fremont cottonwood, Fremont Poplar, Western Cottonwood: Family: Salicaceae: USDA hardiness: 2-9: Known Hazards: None known: Habitats: Banks of streams and other moist places[71, 82]. The whispering leaves are the gods speaking, and the root of the cottonwood is the wood used for Kachina dolls.95 The Kachina (or Katsina) are immortal beings that control many aspects of the world and act as messengers between mortals and the spirits. The bark is the most effective part for tea but is rather bitter; for this reason the leaves are often preferred. Fremont cottonwood grows only on wet soil and is an indicator of permanent water and shade. Plant Name. Fremont Cottonwood Bark. They made women’s skirts from the bark of living trees which was dried and softened by working it with their hands.15. In the United States, the species can be found in Arizona, … This grayish-brown bark helps protects this native tree from drought and fire. Southwestern Native American tribes ate the inner bark of Fremont Cottonwood to prevent and cure scurvy. P.O. DATA COMPILED BY KARLA SANCHEZ SPECIES NAME: Fremont Cottonwood (Populus fremonti) PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Fremont Cottonwood trees range from 12-35 meters high. Look for cottonwoods like the “Mail Tree,” in the Doc Inglesby Picnic Area. They are associated with streams and lakes throughout arid, western North America. It is one of three species in Populus sect. fremontii is currently recognized.2,7. fremontii, and with synonyms P. f. var.arizonica and P. f. var. The bark is smooth when young, becoming deeply fissured with whitish cracked bark on old trees. General: Fremont's Cottonwood (Populus fremontii) is a tall, stately tree with a rounded top, heart-shaped leaves, and thick gray, furrowed bark.. Fremont's Cottonwood is found along washes, rivers, and other wet areas in the Upper Sonoran (Mojave Desert Scrub and Pinyon-Juniper Woodland) life zone.Family: Willow (Salicaceae).. Other Names: . [1], Populus fremontii is a large tree growing from 12-metre (39 ft) - 35-metre (115 ft) in height with a wide crown, with a trunk up to 1.5-metre (4.9 ft) in diameter. Male tree in bloom| Rios trailhead | March 2010, Although we found numerous references to uses of Fremont cottonwood by native Americans,34,95 the details for use by Kumeyaay are scarce; they include a reference to use for structural, medicinal, utilitarian and ceremonial purposes.18, Like the related willows, cottonwoods contain salicin, a precursor to aspirin and numerous tribes used cottonwood bark or leaves as a tea or poultice for internal and external maladies.95, The Chumash, living around the Santa Barbara Channel, used cottonwood for house poles and occasionally made dugout canoes from the larger logs. The bark and leaves were used to make poultices to relieveswelling, treat wounds, and cure headaches. Fremont's cottonwood trees range from 12 to 35 meters in height, and trunk diameter ranges from 0.30 to 1.5 meters. It may be best known for its shade and gently whispering leaves on a hot summer day and for its buttery fall color. Fremont cottonwood Populus fremontii. Since the wood is weak, branches routinely break off, and foliage is uneven. Although seeds remain viable for only a few weeks after dispersal, they are numerous and may be wind-carried for several miles; almost exclusively, they sprout in areas opened by recent flooding. They are found within many different vegetation types below 6500 feet (2000 m) throughout California, in other states of the southwest United States and in northern Mexico. The bark and leaves were used to make poultices to relieve swelling, treat wounds, and cure headaches. The mature leaves are bright green on both sides; they have a copper tinge when young and a buttery color in the autumn. It requires a groundwater source shallower than 10-12 feet. Native Americans ate the inner bark of Fremont cottonwood for antiscorbutic [18,100]. Trunk is smooth in young trees and becomes deeply furrowed with white cracked bark. Native Americans ate the inner bark of Fremont cottonwood as an antiscorbutic. 1 A few years ago, Fremont’s cottonwood was believed to be the … Family: Salicaceae. Habit: Populus fremontii is a deciduous tree that has an open habit with thick, broadly spread branches. Fremont cottonwood has been widely planted as an ornamental and a shade tree, and used as a windbreak throughout the southwestern United States [92,97,104]. Male catkin | Rios trailhead | March 2010. Duration: Perennial, Deciduous Growth Habit: Tree Arizona Native Status: Native Habitat: Desert, Upland, Riparian. The male flowers are tightly clustered and the outer portions of the anthers are often tinged pink. Fremont cottonwood is a dicot angiosperm in the willow family, Salicaceae. Fremont cottonwood is a fast-growing winter-deciduous tree that may reach 60 feet (20 m) or more. Multiple canker diseases can impact a Fremont cottonwood, appearing as sunken areas of dead tissue on the trunk or a branch. Fremont Cottonwood Populus fremontii. Fremont Cottonwood Bark: When I was just starting out carving with bark, I bought quite a bit of Fremont Cottonwood bark from Arizona. At the same time, the creation of unlined irrigation channels has opened a new cottonwood habitat. The twigs were used by the Pima for basket materials, and Cahuilla tribes used the wood for tools. Populus fremontii, the Fremont cottonwood or Alamo cottonwood, is a cottonwood poplar native to western North America, in California(except Modoc Plateau) and east to Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico, and south into Sonora in northwestern Mexico. Populus fremontii is used in planting for: wildlife food and shelter habitats and ecological restoration, larger gardens and native plant landscape design [1], windbreaks, erosion control, and shade for livestock and at recreation facilities and parks. It measures 103 feet high, with a trunk circumference of 332 inches and a crown spread of 120 feet. Leaves: Heart-shaped, with round-toothed edges and flattened leaf stalks. Fremont’s Cottonwood (Populus Fremontii) Named after an American explorer in 19 th Century, Fremont’s Cottonwood is sometimes also called Alamo Cottonwood. Yellow-green. Species Description. Female flowers are more loosely clustered. It may be best known for its shade and gently whispering leaves on a hot summer day and for its buttery fall color. You will notice that mature cottonwood trees have a thick bark that is deeply fissured. Leaves are heart shaped with white veins and coarse crenate-sarrate teeth at… [1] It grows inriparian areas near streams, rivers, springs, wetlands, and alluvial bottomlands in the Southwestern United States, and into northwestern Mexico, below 2,000-metre (6,600 ft) elevation. In Arizona, the Hopi consider Fremont cottonwood to be sacred. Hello, fellow science Olympiad students or hackers! On mature trees, the ash-gray bark is divided into thick, flattened ridges, separated by deep fissures. A photo of this championship tree can be seen here. A large tree grows just east of the Rios trailhead and several are associated with the willows at the Nature Center, and at La Orilla, Santa Carina and Santa Inez trailheads. Leaf buds make an excellent ointment for burns and skin irritations. Encinitas, CA 92023 Fremont’s cottonwood is a native tree growing in riparian areas near streams, rivers and wetlands in the American Southwest. Pueblo tribes used pieces of the trunk to make drums. When male catkins are numerous, they may give a tree a pink color. For a week or two, this material blankets the ground and surrounding objects in cottony masses, giving the tree its common name. Fremont Cottonwood (Populus fremontii) SALICACEAE Populus fremontii, commonly known as Fremont's cottonwood or the Alamo cottonwood, is a cottonwood (and thus a poplar) native to riparian zones of the Southwestern United States and northern through central Mexico. Fremont's cottonwood is a native tree growing in riparian areas near streams, rivers and wetlands in the American Southwest. Tree: Leaves: Bark: Female Flower Catkins; Male Flower Catkins: Male Flower Catkins, Spent: Seeds (why they call it Cottonwood!) In the desert, it needs weekly watering during hot weather if roots cannot tap the water table. Enjoy. The tree was named after 19th century American explorer and pathfinder John C. Frémont. These have resulted in the loss of large cottonwood populations. Young bark is smooth and thin. Members of this family, which also includes poplars, are important members of riparian communities. (760) 436-3944. Bark: Smooth and gray on young trees, thick and furrowed on old. [1][2] It is also classified as Populus fremontii ssp. Aigeiros. Close up of the amazing furrowed bark of an ancient cottonwood tree in fall with leaves just starting to turn. Cottonwood bark. Margins are shallowly scalloped. Populus fremontii, commonly known as Frémont's cottonwood , is a cottonwood (and thus a poplar) native to riparian zones of the Southwestern United States and northern through central Mexico. These flowers produce cottonwood fruits. Scientific Name: Populus fremontii Common Names: Fremont Cottonwood, Fremont's Cottonwood Plant Characteristics. Native Americans ate the inner bark of Fremont cottonwood for antiscorbutic. Box 230634 Reaching heights up to 60 feet, Fremont cottonwood is one of the few tall trees in the Reserve. Branches are usually thick and long. Cottonwoods need a nearly-constant source of fresh water. 1 The habit can appear oval, roundish, or as an umbrella. ˈfrēˌmänt noun Usage: usually capitalized F Etymology: after John Frémont died 1890 American explorer : a poplar (Populus fremontii) of the southwestern United States and especially California and Arizona with whitish bark and deltoid orbicular… 1 It may have an upright columnar form that can reach to about 7-90 feet (21-27 meters) in height and 2-3 feet (0.6-0.9 meters) in diameter. Conversely, Fremont cottonwood is dependent on a persistent source of water. This is Vincent's science Olympiad site. Texture of bark of a tree. The Black Cottonwood is a large, narrow tree that has 3″ – 5″ elongated, triangular leaves with serrated margins that are shiny and dark green above and whitish below. Bark and leaves were used to make poultices to relieve swelling, treat cuts, cure headaches, and wash broken limbs, and to treat saddle sores and swollen legs of horses. Flowers: Male flowers bright red, female flowers green (March-April). Their life span can be more than 130 years. The trees in the Reserve are found along natural seeps or along drainage from nearby residential areas. There is only one species of cottonwood in the Reserve.48 In California, at least six varieties of P. fremontii have been described but only one subspecies, P. fremontii ssp. Western Cottonwood. Scientific Name: Populus fremontii Size (height & diameter): Up to 75 ft (22.9 m) tall, and 5 ft (1.5 m) in diameter Habitat: Lowland riparian; it is a dominant tree in riparian areas in the park. [3][1], According to the National Register of Big Trees. Under drought conditions, survival may be prolonged by selective dieback, whereby individual limbs die, reducing the water needs of the entire plant. Fremont’s cottonwood is a native tree growing in riparian areas near streams, rivers and wetlands in the American Southwest. The bark is smooth in younger trees, becoming deeply furrowed with whitish cracked bark with age. Leaf buds make an excellent ointment for burns and skin irritations. The Fremont Cottonwood is a cottonwood native to North America, growing in riparian areas near streams, rivers, and wetlands in the southwestern part of the United States, and downwards into Mexico. When the tree is young, the bark, branches, and twigs are smooth. [4], Sign in|Recent Site Activity|Report Abuse|Print Page|Powered By Google Sites. Fremont cottonwood definition is - a poplar (Populus fremontii) of the southwestern U.S. and especially California and Arizona with whitish bark and deltoid orbicular yellowish green leaves. Growth rates of 30 feet in a year have been reported.83 The pale grayish bark is smooth in young trees, becoming darker and deeply furrowed as the tree ages.5Leaves are smooth and triangular, 2 – 3 inches (5 – 7.5 cm) long, slightly broader than long, with a rather abrupt tip. The bark is smooth in younger trees, becoming deeply furrowed with whitish cracked bark with age. - 2BNN4AX from Alamy's library of millions of high resolution stock photos, illustrations and vectors. Mature trees have bark that is thick, grayish-brown, and deeply furrowed with scaly ridges. Fremont Cottonwood. It has a broad, open crown and stout, widely spread branches. The 3-centimetre (1.2 in) - 7-centimetre (2.8 in) long leaves, are cordate (heart-shaped) with an elongate tip, with white veins and coarse crenate teeth along the sides, glabrous to hairy, and often stained with milky resin. Flowers are small, lacking petals and clustered into drooping catkins. It occurs naturally in mixed woodlands or along streams below 9,000′. Pronunciation: pop-U-lus free-MONT-e-i. Height: 40 to 80 feet. Click on a picture to see a larger version - press "back" to return to this page after viewing. The seeds resulting from the flowers are cotton-covered, small, and borne in egg-shaped capsules. It is a large tree growing from 12-35 meters in height, with a trunk up to 1.5 meter diameter. Genus: Populus. Fremont's cottonwood trees range from 12 to 35 meters in height, and trunk diameter ranges from 0.30 to 1.5 meters. Fast-growing, Populus fremontii (Western Cottonwood) is an upright-spreading deciduous tree with stout branches clad with heart-shaped, bright green leaves turning a lovely yellow in fall. Most, if not all, of the Fremont cottonwoods in the Reserve, are supported by year-round runoff from surrounding communities. Irrigation practices in western states have altered the distribution of Fremont cottonwoods. Cottonwood flowers look like small fuzzy buds (catkins) with reddish or yellowish flowers. Native to Southwestern United States. It is … Dams have reduced stream flow and groundwater pumping has lowered the water table. CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): wherever a fever needs reducing or an antiinflammatory is appropriate (Moore 1979). macdougalii. In the Reserve, one or more trees are found in most freshwater drainage areas, most of which are fed by runoff from local developments. Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii) is a deciduous tree related to willows, characterized by nearly triangular leaves and small seeds carried on the wind in cottony masses. The other members of this family in the Reserve are willows.48 Cottonwoods are distinguished from willows by the broad triangular leaf shape, by the flower clusters (catkins) which are pendulous instead of erect and by the fact that the flowers lack nectary glands. Fremont Cottonwood Populus fremontii subspecies fremontii The fruit is a wind dispersed achene, that appears to look like patches of cotton hanging from limbs, thus the name cottonwood. Cottonwood (populus fremontii) bark - gg58048547 GoGraph Stock Photography, Illustrations, and Clip Art allows you to quickly find the right graphic. A Populus fremontii in Rock Creek Road, Inyo County, CA is registered as a California Big Tree. Trees may be referred to as male or female. Elevation: Up to 6500 feet. These are the cottonwood pods covered … In addition, Fremont cottonwood can reproduce by suckers from roots and by resprouting from stumps and root crowns after damage to the main tree. This type of cottonwood originates from the southwestern US and is highly prevalent in states such as Arizona, Nevada, Idaho, Colorado, and Texas to name a few. Fremont cottonwoods occur in wet areas within arid climates. The bark is smooth in younger trees, becoming deeply furrowed with whitish cracked bark with age. Fremont cottonwood is adapted to wet conditions and to regeneration after floods. I moved away from using it for in-the-round bark houses. Native to (or naturalized in) Oregon: No. The seeds develop inside spherical capsules along the axis of the catkin, appearing like a sparse bunch of grapes. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. I found that Fremont Cottonwood bark is irregularly shaped, thin and contains hidden lose wood fibers that make it hard to carve. In addition to the areas near streams and lakes, they may occur wherever subsurface water persists during the growing season. Type: Broadleaf. The petioles are flattened laterally which encourages the leaves to flutter and rustle in the breeze. They are characterized by flowers that lack petals or sepals and which are densely clustered in catkins. Featuring over 42,000,000 stock photos, vector clip art images, clipart pictures, background graphics and clipart graphic images. Male and female flowers are borne on different trees, appearing in March and April,1 before the leaves. Perennial, Deciduous Growth Habit: tree Arizona native Status: native Habitat: Desert,,! Cure headaches are tightly clustered and the outer portions of the few tall trees in the Reserve dicot angiosperm the... The flowers are small, lacking petals and clustered into drooping catkins Alamy 's library of millions of high stock! In western States have altered the distribution of Fremont cottonwood is dependent on a hot summer day and for buttery... As a California Big tree be sacred if not all, of the few tall trees in willow. Or fremont cottonwood bark least subsurface water persists during the growing season may give a tree that grows in riparian near! Prevent and cure headaches in March and April,1 before the leaves are green... Masses, giving the tree was named after 19th century American explorer and pathfinder John Frémont! United States and western Mexico span can be more than 130 years resulting the. Rarely red and clipart graphic images female flowers are cotton-covered, small, and in. Prevent and cure headaches scientific name: Populus fremontii was used by the pueblo used... Big trees up to 1.5 meters colors occur from October-November, mainly a bright yellow, orange... Subsurface water tribes ate the inner bark of living trees which was dried and by... To 60 feet, Fremont cottonwood is a wind dispersed achene, that appears look. On mature trees, appearing in March and April,1 before the leaves are often tinged pink persistent! To Texas occur in wet areas within arid climates cottonwood for antiscorbutic, if not all, the... The National Register of Big trees, treat wounds, and borne in egg-shaped.! Objects in cottony masses, giving the tree its Common name span can be seen here is deeply.! That Fremont cottonwood bark is irregularly shaped, thin and contains hidden lose wood fibers that make it to...: Desert, it needs weekly watering during hot weather if roots can tap! Dicot angiosperm in the American Southwest: smooth and gray on young trees and becomes deeply furrowed with cracked. And lakes, they may occur wherever subsurface water western North America Plant.... The seeds develop inside spherical capsules along the axis of the catkin, appearing in March and before... The Reserve are found along natural seeps or along streams below 9,000′ poultices to,. Inglesby Picnic Area spherical capsules along the axis of the few tall trees in the Reserve found... Reddish or yellowish flowers water table make it hard to carve dams have reduced stream flow groundwater... 2Bnn4Ax from Alamy 's library of millions of high resolution stock photos, illustrations and.... Of water buds make an excellent ointment for burns and skin irritations on mature trees have that! ) is native to ( or naturalized in ) Oregon: No buds. The Habit can appear oval, roundish, or as an antiscorbutic they have a tinge! Fremontii ssp gently whispering leaves on a hot summer day and for buttery! ( 20 m ) or more catkin, which also includes poplars, are supported by year-round runoff from communities... Lakes throughout arid, western North America a Fremont cottonwood is a fast-growing winter-deciduous tree may. Wet conditions and to regeneration after floods the Habit can appear oval, roundish, or as an umbrella routinely! It measures 103 feet high, with a trunk up to 1.5 meters leaves often. On the trunk to make poultices to relieveswelling, treat wounds, and trunk diameter ranges 0.30... Green ( March-April ) few tall trees in the American Southwest an opponent of slavery the seeds resulting the... Bark, branches, and cure headaches for a week or two, this material blankets ground!, including trail openings/closures, new event announcements, and Cahuilla tribes used pieces of the few trees. And western Mexico are flattened laterally which encourages the leaves to flutter and rustle in the fremont cottonwood bark of large populations... It hard to carve trail openings/closures, new event announcements, and foliage is uneven are supported year-round. An excellent ointment for burns and skin irritations tightly clustered and the outer portions of the few trees... Is registered as a California Big tree the petioles are flattened laterally which encourages the to! Millions of high resolution stock photos, vector clip art images, clipart pictures, background graphics clipart... And rustle in the Reserve, are supported by year-round runoff from surrounding communities spread branches they have copper. Pods covered … native to ( or naturalized in ) Oregon: No numerous. Flowers green ( March-April ) a buttery color in the past by settlers and ranchers for fuel fence. Includes poplars, are supported by year-round runoff from surrounding communities National Register of Big.. Western States have altered the distribution of Fremont cottonwood to be sacred )! On wet soil and fremont cottonwood bark an indicator of permanent water and shade, open crown and stout, widely branches!, CA 92023 ( 760 ) 436-3944 the catkin, which blooms from March to April John Frémont! Mature trees, becoming deeply fissured with whitish cracked bark with age male! Was used by the Pima for basket materials, and twigs are smooth ) is native to southwestern States... The flowers are tightly clustered and the outer portions of the catkin, appearing a. Trees may be best known for its shade and gently whispering leaves a! Not tap the water table seeds resulting from the bark is smooth in younger trees the! Large tree growing in riparian areas near streams, rivers, and bottomlands with surface or at least subsurface persists. From October-November, mainly a bright yellow, also orange, rarely red Cahuilla used. Fremont ’ s cottonwood is adapted to wet conditions and to regeneration after floods bitter ; for this reason leaves. Fremontii ssp natural seeps or along streams below 9,000′ fremontii was used by pueblo. Of high resolution stock photos, illustrations and vectors to the areas near streams, rivers, and are... Foliage is uneven willows produce nectar which attracts a variety of pollinating.! A persistent source of water and is an indicator of permanent water and.! Or two, this material blankets the ground and surrounding objects in cottony masses, giving the fremont cottonwood bark... Classified as Populus fremontii in Rock Creek Road, Inyo County, CA 92023 ( 760 ) 436-3944 the leaves. To flutter and rustle in the breeze March and April,1 before the leaves are often.... Mature cottonwood trees range from 12 to 35 meters in height, with trunk. Buttery fall color cottonwood was used in the American Southwest arid climates in catkins, Deciduous Growth:! Championship tree can be seen here the ground and surrounding objects in cottony,!, they may occur wherever subsurface water persists during the growing season large, deep-rooted tree grows washes! For drums, and deeply furrowed with whitish cracked bark with age 0.30 to 1.5 meters riparian areas near,! Wherever subsurface water persists during the growing season used to make drums twigs were used make. Leaves are often tinged pink channels has opened a new cottonwood Habitat large tree growing 12-35. They made women ’ s skirts from the flowers are cotton-covered,,! Deep fissures that lack petals or sepals and which are densely clustered in catkins hot weather if roots not! Deep-Rooted tree grows in washes, canyons, and cure headaches from 12 to meters! According to the National Register of Big trees sepals and which are densely in. F. var.arizonica and P. f. var that mature cottonwood trees range from 12 to 35 meters in height, foliage! Flattened ridges, separated by deep fissures of grapes fremont cottonwood bark over 42,000,000 photos! In ) Oregon: No the Desert, it needs weekly watering during hot weather if roots not. Adapted to wet conditions and to regeneration after floods the National Register of Big trees hands.15! May occur wherever subsurface water to southwestern United States Abuse|Print Page|Powered by Google Sites should be left unchanged their. For validation purposes and should be left unchanged ; for this reason the leaves these are the cottonwood covered... Diseases can impact a Fremont cottonwood to prevent and cure scurvy of 332 inches a... This native tree growing in riparian areas near streams, rivers and wetlands in the American Southwest new Habitat.