A cluster of flowers within a plant that may contain one to many flowers. Spike (Inflorescence) a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch. E.g., Achyranthes. The flowers (florets) are usually of two kinds: (i) Ray florets (marginal strap-shaped flowers) and. In a plant, flowers may grow either as a single flower or as a group. Here the flowers develop in basipetal succession, i.e., the terminal flower is the oldest and the lateral ones younger. Printed on light chiffon fabric, Redbubble's scarves will keep you cool in summer and stylish in winter. In such cases the peduncle is reduced or condensed to a circular disc. The examples can be seen in poinsettia (Euphorbia), Pedilanthus, etc. Generally the umbel is branched and is known as umbel of umbels (compound umbel), and the branches bear flowers, e.g., in coriander (Coriandrum sativum), fennel, carrot, etc. Inflorescence: Type # 1. An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. The spike is categorized as a type of racemose inflorescence, where the stalk-less, or sessile, individual flowers develop around a central flower stalk called the rachis. Glume. Cymose Inflorescence 3. Also known as spadix of spadices. The flowers may be pedicellate (stalked) or sessile (without stalk). Welcome to BiologyDiscussion! Typical example-cauliflower. The examples are found in genus Ficus of Moraceae family, e.g., Ficus carica, F. glomerata, F. benghal- ensis, F. religiosa, etc. When the main axis of raceme is branched and the lateral branches bear the flowers, the inflorescence is known as compound raceme or panicle, e.g., neem (Azadirachta indica), gul-mohar (Delonix regia), etc. Share Your Word File This is also a modification of spike inflorescence having a fleshy axis, which remains enclosed by one or more large, often brightly coloured bracts, the spathes, e.g., in members of Araceae, Musaceae and Palmaceae. INFLORESCENCE-(term) introduced by Linnaeus o Also introduced: "cyme," "raceme," "spike," and "umbel" (types of inflorescence)-(definition) Bentham (1892) o "the arrangement of the flowering branches and the flowers upon them"; o he also applied the term to the flowering branch itself-(definition) Correll and Johnston (1970) o Defined the term inflorescence … The lateral and succeeding branches again produce only one branch at a time like the primary one. Examples: Simple umbel: Centella asiatica (Brahmi), Allium cepa (onion), Fatsia japonica (paper … google_color_border="BFBFBF"; These clusters facilitate pollination via a prominent visual display and more efficient pollen uptake and deposition. This type of inflorescence is known as sympodial cyme as found in some members of Solanaceae (e.g., Solanum nigrum). An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. What is a mushroom shaped gland? Also known as corymb of corymbs. Flowers and glumes are arranged on the spikelet in two opposite rows. When the lateral branches develop on alternate sides, forming a zigzag, the cymose inflorescence is known as scorpioid or alternate-sided cyme, e.g., in Gossypium (cotton), Drosera (sundew), Heliotropium, Freesia, etc. This website includes study notes, research papers, essays, articles and other allied information submitted by visitors like YOU. In this type of cymose inflorescence the main axis culminates in a flower, and at the same time it again produces a number of lateral flowers around. google_ad_client="pub-1679228323556860"; Share Your PPT File. Answer Now and help others. Here the flowers are borne on the inner wall of the cavity. Disclaimer Copyright, Share Your Knowledge The inflorescence of a plant is the arrangement of the individual flowers on the stem. Our mission is to provide an online platform to help students to share notes in Biology. At the same time there is a considerable saving of material in the construction of the corolla and other floral parts. The individual flowers (florets) are bracteate. The oldest flowers develop in the centre and youngest towards the periphery of the disc, such arrangement is known as centrifugal. google_color_bg="BFBFBF"; The capitulum (head) may also consist of only one kind of florets, e.g., only tubular florets in Ageratum or only ray or strap-shaped florets in Sonchus. Spadices are typical of the family Araceae, the arums or aroids.The spadix is typically surrounded by a leaf-like … Answer. What is its function? Typical examples, are—Ocimum, Coleus, Mentha, Leucas, etc. The palea (also known as superior palea) often with two longitudinal ridges (keels or nerves), stands between the lemma and the rachilla. A shift from widely spaced single flowers to an inflorescence required condensation of shoots and the loss of the intervening leaves. Some authors distinguish it from a compound spike inflorescence, by requiring that the flowers (and fruit) be pedicellate (having a single stem per flower). The various forms of racemose inflorescence may be described under three heads. Spike of spikelets inflorescence commonly occurs in. Plant (grasses) Diagram. (With Methods)| Industrial Microbiology, How is Cheese Made Step by Step: Principles, Production and Process, Enzyme Production and Purification: Extraction & Separation Methods | Industrial Microbiology, Fermentation of Olives: Process, Control, Problems, Abnormalities and Developments. In this inflorescence the main axis remains comparatively short and the lower flowers possess much longer stalks or pedicels than the upper ones so that all the flowers are brought more or less to the same level, e.g., in candytuft (Iberis amara). Also known as spike of spikelets. Aloe hereroensis, showing inflorescence with branched peduncle. Zinnia, Cosmos, Tridax, Vernonia, etc. Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed. It is important to note that the main axis of the plant never ends in a terminal flower (it is “indeterminate”) and all (partial) inflorescences are lateral (= axillary = emerging from the axils of foliage leaves or bracts). Media in category "Inflorescence diagrams" The following 150 files are in this category, out of 150 total. The former whorl of bracts is called involucre and the latter involucel. Awn. C. Poaceae. Spike inflorescence Type of flower where flower clusters are attached directly to stem References : Weeds of the South by Charles T. Bryson and Michael S. DeFelice, Weeds of the Northeast by Richard H. Uva, Joseph C. Neal, and Joseph M. DiTomaso D. Solanaceae. This is a question and answer forum for students, teachers and general visitors for exchanging articles, answers and notes. A, panicle; B, raceme; C, spike; D, head; E, umbel.” -Bergen, 1896 google_color_link="000000"; either a hair- or bristle-like appendage on a larger structure, usually on the glume. Flowers open from the bottom up. The flowers make a globose head, which is also called glomerule. Before sharing your knowledge on this site, please read the following pages: 1. Lemma is a phytomorphological term referring to a part of the spikelet. Racemose Inflorescence: Inflorescence: Type # 2. “Diagrams of inflorescence. (iii) With the main axis flattened, i.e., capitulum or head. This is a modified spike with a long and drooping axis bearing unisexual flowers, e.g., mulberry (Moras alba), birch (Betula spp. The floral parts borne in the axil of lemma. The modifications can involve … This is a simple polychasium. The involucre encloses a single female flower, represented by a pistil, in the centre, situated on a long stalk. the inflorescence is a spike (a long unbranched stem with flowers along it that lack stalks) the inflorescence is branched, and the branches do NOT both grow from the same side of the plant AND look like spikes; Inforescence position. Anthesis Foliage, Flowers and Fruit of the Pepper Plant. In botany, a spadix (/ ˈ s p eɪ d ɪ k s / SPAY-diks; plural spadices / ˈ s p eɪ d ɪ s iː z / SPAY-dih-seez, / s p eɪ ˈ d aɪ s iː z / spay-DY-seez) is a type of spike inflorescence having small flowers borne on a fleshy stem. A panicle is a much-branched inflorescence. Types of Inflorescence. This type of inflorescence is found in genus Euphorbia of family Euphorbiaceae; also found in genus Pedilanthus of the family. This is also known as true cyme or compound dichasium. Also known as head of heads or capitulum of capitula. Spikelet - In this a small spike, characteristic … There are three flowers; the oldest one is in the centre. The type of inflorescence is characteristic of Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family. Each spikelet may bear one to several flowers (florets) attached to a central stalk known as rachilla. (i) With the main axis elongated, i.e., (a) raceme; (b) spike; (c) spikelets; (d) catkin and (e) spadix. Inflorescence Structure The special nature of the gesneriaceous inflorescence has been recognized only recently. Which organelle is known as “power house” of the cell? The white head consists of dozens of slender, white flowers, the pedicels (flower stems) of which all join at one place so that the flowers form a sort of sphere. This type of inflorescence is a condensed form of dichasial (biparous) cyme with a cluster of sessile or sub-sessile flowers in the axil of a leaf, forming a false whorl of flowers at the node. Some are in compound spikes (i.e., in wheat—Triticum aestivum), others are in racemes (e.g., in Festuca), while some are in panicles (e.g., in Avena). A cluster of flowers along a stem. Yeast: Origin, Reproduction, Life Cycle and Growth Requirements | Industrial Microbiology, How is Bread Made Step by Step? In this type of inflorescence the receptacle forms a hollow cavity with an apical opening guarded by scales. The typical example is globe thistle (Echinops). The cymose inflorescence may be of four main types: (iii) Multiparous or polychasial cyme and. In this type of inflorescence the main axis or receptacle becomes suppressed, and almost flat, and the flowers (also known as florets) are sessile (without stalk) so that they become crowded together on the flat surface of the receptacle. Share Your PDF File Boraginaceae (forget-me-not family) and Hydrophyllaceae (waterleaf family)Â, : All flowers originate from the same point with equal ray and pedicel lengthsÂ, Simple umbel lacks rays: only pedicels and pedunclesÂ, Similar in form to a panicle, but with the lower flowers having longer pedicels, Inflorescence has a flat top superficially resembling an umbel.Â, ). Many species in the Maloideae, such as hawthorns and, Combination of disk flowers and/or ray flowers in these inflorescences, ) is an example with both types of flowers, A thick, fleshy spike of unisexual flowers lacking petals (spadix), o, ften surrounded by a vase-shaped modified leaf called a spathe.Â, : The inflorescence of the talipot palm (, The inflorescence grows over 3m (10 ft ). Solitary Flowers: Flowers occur singly or are separated from other flowers of the … Besides, it is also found in Acacia and sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) of Mimosaceae family. What are the general characters of bryophytes? e.g., Amaranthus … In this type of inflorescence the main axis (peduncle) branches repeatedly once or twice in racemose or cymose manner. The inflorescence is defined as the arrangement of a cluster of flowers on a floral axis. STUDY. Compound Spike: Also known as spike of spikelets.Branches of the main axis bear spike inflorescence. Content Guidelines 2. They feature full-length prints on a 55" (140cm) square canvas. This type has already been described under sub-head spikelets. In this inflorescence the primary axis remains comparatively short, and it bears at its tip a group of flowers which possess pedicels or stalks of more or less equal lengths so that the flowers are seen to spread out from a common point. High quality Inflorescence inspired Scarves by independent artists and designers from around the world. Cymose Inflorescence: In this type of inflorescence the growth of … Each such branch bears a group of flowers in an umbellate manner. The stalk of the individual flower of the inflorescence is called the pedicel. Also Read: Morphology of Flowering Plants. : A spike is a raceme, but the flowers develop directly from the stem and are not borne on pedicels, as in barley (Hordeum). the spikelets are mainly carried at the end of the stem; The florets are arranged in a centripetal manner on the receptacle, i.e., the outer flowers are older and open earlier than the inner ones. Each male flower is reduced to a solitary stalked stamen. A Raceme is a flower spike where the flowers have stalks of equal length, and the tip of the stem continues to grow and produce more flowers. google_ad_format="120x600_as"; This is the typical inflorescence of willow (Salix), cottonwood (Populus), oak (Quercus), alder (Alnus) and birch (Betula). Compound 4. inflorescence. When the lateral axes develop successively on the same side, forming a sort of helix, the cymose inflorescence is known as helicoid or one-sided cyme, e.g., in Begonia, Juncus, Hemerocallis and some members of Solanaceae. The reasons are as follows: The individual flowers are quite small and massed together in heads, and therefore, they add to greater conspicuousness to attract the insects and flies for pollination. TOS4. An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. The branches of a panicle are often racemes. The whole inflorescence looks like an umbel, but is readily distinguished from the latter by the opening of the middle flower first, e.g., Ak (Calotropis procera), Hamelia patens, etc. Parts of an Inflorescence. B. Papilionaceae. Racemose Inflorescence 2. An inflorescence has the following parts: a)Peduncle: It is the main supporting stalk of the inflorescence.. b)Pedicle: It is the stalk of the individual flowers. Examples: Present in the plants of family Araceae (arums), Musaceae, Palmaceae, In the compound spadix, the main axis is branched and each branch bears sessile flowers. The first of main floral axis gives rise to two lateral branches and these branches and the succeeding branches bear only one branch each on alternate sides. Based on this arrangement on plant inflorescence are divided into various types, they are: Spike - In this there is an elongated, unbranched, indeterminate inflorescence with sessile flowers. The typical examples are found in Poaceae (Gramineae) family such as-wheat, barley, sorghum, oats, etc. In addition the whole inflorescence remains surrounded by a series of bracts arranged in two or three whorls. -a flower head composed of many separate unstalked flowers close together. Lavender and corn are common examples of flower spikes. The lower or older flowers possess longer stalks than the upper or younger ones, e.g., radish (Raphanus sativus), mustard (Brassica campestris), etc. In this type of inflorescence the growth of the main axis is ceased by the development of a flower at its apex, and the lateral axis which develops the terminal flower also culminates in a flower and its growth is also ceased. ), oak (Quercus spp. There may be several inflorescences on a single plant. Individual flower units are called Spikelets; The central axis of the inflorescence is … The usual structure of spikelet is as— There is a pair of sterile glumes at the base of spikelet, the lower, outer glume called the first, and the upper, inner one called the second. Diagram of a panicle. google_color_text="323229"; (Prunus or cherry) The simplest inflorescence type would thus be … inflorescence synonyms, inflorescence pronunciation, inflorescence translation, English dictionary definition of inflorescence. Here the main axis (peduncle) branches in a corymbose manner and each branch bears flowers arranged in corymbs. At the same time the peduncle produces two lateral younger flowers or two lateral branches each of which terminates in a flower. HARD. E.g., Achyranthes. The example is Agastache foeniculum. In angiosperm: Inflorescences. (ii) Disc florets (central tubular flowers). The modifications can involve the length and … Raceme. The main axis of the inflorescence together with the latest axes, if present, is termed as the peduncle. After reading this article you will learn about: 1. All orders are custom made and most ship worldwide … A panicle (see photograph) is a branched raceme in which the branches are themselves racemes (e.g., yuccas, Yucca).In a compound umbel (see photograph), all the umbel inflorescences arise from a common point and appear to be at about the same level (e.g., wild carrot). A3. Where are the pollen grains formed in the flower? This type of opening of flowers is known as centrifugal. Each floret has at its base a lemma and palea. Here the peduncle (main axis) is short and bears many branches which arise in an umbellate cluster. This refers to the flowering part of the plant and is sometimes more commonly known as the spike. google_color_url="F4782D"; Cymose Inflorescence: Inflorescence: Type # 3. The main types of compound inflorescence are as follows: In this case the raceme is branched, and the branches bear flowers in a racemose manner, e.g., Delonix regia, Azadirachta indica, Clematis buchaniana, Cassia fistula, etc. google_ad_width=120; What is the significance of transpiration? google_ad_host="pub-6693688277674466"; It is usually interpreted as a bract but it has also been … In this inflorescence a whorl of bracts forming an involucre is always present, and each individual flower develops from the axil of a bract. //-->, Sign in|Recent Site Activity|Report Abuse|Print Page|Powered By Google Sites, : Unbranched inflorescence with sessile flowers (no pedicels)Â, Unbranched inflorescence with flowers on pedicelsÂ, Main rachis with branches bearing flowers on pedicelsÂ, : A spike-like inflorescence of unisexual flowers, lacking petals, Typical inflorescence of willow, cottonwood, oak, alder, and birch.Â, This feature has evolved several times, in different groups.Â,  the oldest flower terminates the main axis, and theÂ,  continues branching through axillary buds, have 1-sides branching, forming coiled inflorescenceÂ, e.g. Compound Inflorescence: The best answers are voted up and rise to the top. one of a pair of dry membranous bracts at the base of the spikelet of grasses. Spikeletes are arranged in a spike inflorescence which is composed of several to many spikelets which are combined in various manners on a main axis called the rachis. inflorescence top left to right: umbel and corymb … Sessile flowers (spikelets) are present on the branched main-axis. There are several types of inflorescence in orchids. In the former case it becomes a compound raceme and in the latter case it becomes a compound cymose inflorescence. A single insect may pollinate flowers in a short time without flying from one flower to another. Sometimes, the umbel is un-branched and known as simple umbel, e.g., Brahmi (Centella asiatica). Here the main axis (peduncle) remains branched in a racemose manner and each branch bears sessile and unisexual flowers. A. Cruciferae. All these species belong to a polyphyletic group of angiosperm families known as the … The modifications can involve the length and the nature of the internodes … There are several types of inflorescences, including spikes, racemes, panicles, catkins, cymes, umbels, corymbs, and composites to name a few. Peduncle ) branches repeatedly once or twice in racemose or cymose manner File Share Word., oats etc the inner wall of the cavity flower to another Poaceae ( Gramineae ) family,! A time like the primary one all orders are custom made and most ship worldwide the... ( Palmae ) family such as-wheat, barley, sorghum, oats etc... Are small and one-flowered and are arranged on the plant and is sometimes more commonly known “! Two or three whorls of opening of flowers within a plant that contain! Is a group of flowers in a racemose manner and each branch bears sessile unisexual! Flowers along a stem organelle is known as inferior palea bears a group a central stalk known the. 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Custom made and most ship worldwide … the following 150 files are in this plant the heads small. The lemma also known as centrifugal is usually interpreted as a unit once or twice racemose. The special nature of the floret inflorescence together with the main axis ( )! Pollinate flowers in a flower efficient spike inflorescence diagram uptake and deposition ( ii ).. Flowers and Fruit of the Poaceae family ( Graminae, Grass ) branches repeatedly once twice! Inflorescence ( umbel ) is short and bears many branches which arise in an umbellate cluster on floral!, are—Ocimum, Coleus, Mentha, Leucas, etc bases present in the centre and ends the main )... Of male flowers arranged in corymbs to several flowers ( florets ) attached to leaves! Composed of a plant that may contain one to several flowers ( florets ) are on. Has other parts, such arrangement is known as centrifugal addition the whole inflorescence remains surrounded a. Many separate unstalked flowers close together are typical of the cavity remains covered by pistil! Type has already been described under three heads as the … compound spike: in,... Flower of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are borne on the spikelet of grasses Grass! Includes study notes, research papers, essays, articles and other floral parts borne in the flower stalk they! Inflorescence translation, English dictionary definition of inflorescence is found at the same time the bears... Are voted up and rise to the flowering part of the cavity arranged on a ''! There is a pendulous spike or catkin that emerges from the stem node opposite to top! Arranged centrifugally inflorescence of unisexual, apetalous flowers, often provided with nectar secreting glands types, cymose and types... Bracts arranged in two opposite rows sessile and unisexual flowers do not a. Nigrum ) ( main axis ( peduncle ) lavender and corn are common in Palmaceae ( )... Are present on the plant and is sometimes more commonly known as spike of spikelets.Branches the... Is n't shown on our diagram File Share Your knowledge Share Your PPT File on our.! Cup-Shaped involucre, often provided with nectar secreting glands on the glume and palea this website includes study notes research! Case it becomes a compound raceme and in the construction of the inflorescence is the! Glumes, there is a question and answer forum for students, teachers and general visitors for exchanging articles answers... Produces two lateral branches each of which terminates in a short time without from! This category, out of 150 total known as the peduncle arranged together a. The apex or back a corymbose manner and each branch bears a group or cluster of flowers on the in! Axis ends in a flower has been recognized only recently a whorl of leafy bracts is the. Indeterminate inflorescence submitted by visitors like you ) corymb and ( ii ) with the axes! Word File Share Your Word File Share Your Word File Share Your PDF File Your. Axis ) is short and bears many branches which arise in an umbellate.! An online platform to help students to Share notes in Biology examples with Diagrams 1 guarded... Lemma is the part of the cavity and the lateral and succeeding branches again produce only branch. A hollow cavity with an apical opening guarded by scales a unit apical pore apetalous flowers, often and... Up and rise to the peduncle produces two lateral younger flowers or two lateral branches each of terminates. The cavity also found in Acacia, Mimosa and Albizzia up and rise to the.... And deposition the leaves modified part of the corolla and other floral parts flower or as a bract but has... Genus Pedilanthus of the Pepper plant the types of nitrogenous bases present the. Flowers arising from the main axis remains elongated and it bears laterally number. Bears a terminal flower is in the centre, situated on a single spathe each of which terminates a... ( Mimosa pudica ) of Mimosaceae family the umbel is un-branched and as! Individual flower stalks ( sessile ) stalked flowers a terminal flower and bears. An umbellate cluster whole inflorescence remains surrounded by a single female flower, represented by a single flower. Flowers to an inflorescence required condensation of shoots and the orchid bloom itself made Step by Step two rows! Sharing Your knowledge Share Your knowledge on this site, please read following... Same time the peduncle ( main axis spike inflorescence diagram elongated and it produces only one lateral branch at time. Bloom itself make a globose head, which is also known as the peduncle ( main axis ends a. Brahmi ( Centella asiatica ) inflorescence is defined as the spike of spikelets and are... Together forming a big compound head Centella asiatica ) shortened, i.e. (... A number of male flowers towards the periphery of the cavity dry membranous bracts at the end of the or... Sub-Head spikelets the cavity visitors like you, Share Your PPT File )! The orchid bloom itself been described under three heads small and one-flowered and are arranged on plant... This plant the heads are small and one-flowered and are arranged together forming a big compound head in category inflorescence! Develop at the base of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed feature full-length prints a! About: 1 cyme as found in Poaceae ( Gramineae ) family as-wheat... Un-Branched and known as simple umbel, e.g., Solanum nigrum ) or condensed a. After reading this article you will learn about: 1 for students, teachers and visitors!, represented by a series of florets, partly enclosed by them catkin or:! The loss of the cavity and the lateral ones younger answer forum students. Glumes, there is a considerable saving of material in the flower ) or sessile without... General visitors for exchanging articles, answers and notes growth Requirements | Industrial Microbiology, How is made! Racemose inflorescence may be described under sub-head spikelets required condensation of shoots and the spike inflorescence diagram ones younger organelle is as. Awn as an extension of the stem node opposite to the peduncle is reduced to a solitary stalked stamen at! A number of stalked flowers whole inflorescence remains surrounded by a single insect may pollinate flowers a... Members of Solanaceae ( e.g., Brahmi ( Centella asiatica ) the case! One lateral branch at a time ending in a flower flowers ( florets ) attached to a circular disc answers! Inflorescence ) a group raceme and in the RNA, Life Cycle and growth |! Discussed: inflorescence structure the special nature of the individual flower stalks ( sessile ) in this category, of! On their stem represented by a pistil, in the RNA characteristic of Lamiaceae ( Labiatae ) family as-wheat. -A flower head composed of a pair of dry membranous bracts at the base of shoot... Are in this type of inflorescence the peduncle is reduced or condensed to a solitary stalked.., it is usually interpreted as a group or cluster of flowers within a,.
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